Jensen or “von Something”: How your Surname Determines Social Status

Seminar at Name Research with Cian O'Brien

It is a well-established fact that social status is transferred from parents to children. In Denmark researchers often find that transfer is among the lowest globally due to low inequality. By comparing income, occupation or education of fathers and sons it is often estimated that transfer is less than 20%.

Yet, by studying 104 surnames of the rich and poor in Denmark from 1787 to present, it is revealed that transfer in Denmark is much higher than previously anticipated. Despite equal opportunities and low inequality, transfer explains 49-64% of social status in present day Denmark. This can be traced back to the social status of one's 18th century ancestors.

This is true both for educational and occupational success. Descendants of 18th century Danish elites are for example 5 times more likely to become doctors, 2.5 times more likely to become CEOs and 3.8 times more likely to attain university education. Being named Jensen or “von Something” is a surprisingly strong indicator of lifetime achievements.