Pretreatment fasting glucose and insulin as determinants of weight loss on diets varying in macronutrients and dietary fibers - The POUNDS LOST Study
Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Book chapter › Communication
Efforts to identify a preferable diet for weight management based on macronutrient composition have largely failed, but recent evidence suggests that satiety effects of carbohydrates may depend on the individual's insulin-mediated cellular glucose uptake. Therefore, using data from the POUNDS LOST trial, pre-treatment fasting plasma glucose (FPG), fasting insulin (FI), and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) were studied as prognostic markers of long-term weight loss in four diets differing in carbohydrate, fat, and protein content, while assessing the role of dietary fiber intake. Subjects with FPG <100 mg/dL lost 2.6 (95% CI 0.9;4.4, p = 0.003) kg more on the low-fat/high-protein (n = 132) compared to the low-fat/average-protein diet (n = 136). Subjects with HOMA-IR ≥4 lost 3.6 (95% CI 0.2;7.1, p = 0.038) kg more body weight on the high-fat/high-protein (n = 35) compared to high-fat/average-protein diet (n = 33). Regardless of the randomized diet, subjects with prediabetes and FI below the median lost 5.6 kg (95% CI 0.6;10.6, p = 0.030) more when consuming ≥35 g (n = 15) compared to <35 g dietary fiber/10 MJ (n = 16). Overall, subjects with normal glycemia lost most on the low-fat/high-protein diet, subjects with high HOMA-IR lost most on the high-fat/high protein diet, and subjects with prediabetes and low FI had particular benefit from dietary fiber in the diet.
Original language | English |
---|---|
Title of host publication | Personalized Nutrition |
Editors | George Moschonis, Katherine Livingstone, Jessica Biesiekierski |
Number of pages | 12 |
Place of Publication | Basel |
Publisher | Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute |
Publication date | 2019 |
Pages | 73-84 |
ISBN (Print) | 978-3-03921-445-7 |
ISBN (Electronic) | 978-3-03921-446-4 |
Publication status | Published - 2019 |
Bibliographical note
A printed edition of the special issue published online in the open access journal Nutrients (ISSN: 2072-6643) from 2018 to 2019.
- Faculty of Science - Glucose, Insulin, Weight, Diet, Mcronutrient composition, Clinical nutrition
Research areas
Links
- https://www.mdpi.com/books/pdfview/book/1514
Final published version
ID: 226881797